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RESOURCES FOR RESEARCHERS

 

Readings on Labor Unions and the Labor Movement


Contents
 Labor Law and the State
 Union Effects
 Union Structure and Governance (includes democracy and oligarchy)
 The South
 Diversity: Race, Ethnicity, Immigration, Gender, and Sexual Orientation
 Critiques (from the left and the right)
 Organizing (including strategies, management resistance, strikes)
 Technology
 Globalization
 New Production Organization (including lean production, teams, worker participation)
 Long Term Trends and Patterns
 Public Sector Unionization
 Contingent Workers
 Service Sector Unionization
 Intellectuals and the Labor Movement
 Ideology and Militance
 Servicing Members (includes grievances, arbitration, collective bargaining)
 Miscellaneous

Labor Law and the State

Baird, Charles. 1998. "Right to Work Before and After 14(b)." Journal of Labor Research 19:3 (Summer): 269-90.

Canak, William and Berkley Miller. 1990. “Gumbo Politics: Unions, Business and Louisiana Right-to Work Legislation”. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 43:2 (January): 258-71.

Carroll, Thomas M. 1993. “Right to Work Laws Do Matter” Southern Economic Journal  (October): 494-509.

Cooke, William N., Aneil K. Mishra, and Mary Tshirhart. 1995. "The Determinants of NLRB Decision-Making Revisited." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 48:2 (January): 23-.

Craver, Charles B. 1993. Can Unions Survive? The Rejuvenation of the American labor Movement - Chapter 6 (pp. 126-55): The Need to Reform the National Labor Relations Act." New York: New York University Press.

Cunningham, Ian. 2000. “ Prospects for Union Growth in the UK Voluntary Sector: The Impact of the Employment Relations Act 1999.” Industrial Relations Journal 31(3): 192-205.

Davis, Joe and John Huston. 1993. “Right –to Work Laws and Free Riding.” Economic Inquiry 21 (January): 52-58.

Dempsey, J.R. 1961. The Operation of Right To Work Laws Milwaukee, Wisc.: Marquette University Press.

Elliott, Ralph D. 1979. "Do Right to Work Laws Have an Impact on Union Organizing Activities?" Journal of Social and Political Studies 4 (June): 81-93.

Ellwood, David and Glenn Fine. 1987. “The Impact of Right-to-Work Laws on Union Organizing.”  Journal of Political Economy 95(2): 250-71.

Forbath, William E. 1991. Law and the Shaping of the American Labor Movement. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press.

Friedman, Sheldon, Richard W. Hurd, Rudolph A. Oswald, and Ronald L. Seebeer. 1994. Restoring the Promise of American Labor Law. Ithaca, NY: ILR.

Garofalo, Gasper and Devinder Malhotra. 1992   An Integrated Model of the Effects of Right-to Work Laws”. Journal of Labor Research 13::3. (Summer): 293-305.

Getman, Jack. 2005. “Unions and the National Labor Relations Board.” Working USA 8 (Summer): 501-505.

Greenstone, J. David. 1969. Labor in American Politics. New York: Knopf.

Human Rights Watch. 2000. Unfair Advantage: Workers' Freedom of Association i the United States under International Human Rights StandardsNew York: Human Rights Watch.

Ichinowski, Casey and Jeffrey Zax. 1991. "Right to work Laws, Free Riders, and Unionization in the Local Public Sector." Journal of Labor Economics 9:3.

Klare, Karl E. 1994. "Prepared Statement," submitted to The Commission on the Future of Worker-Management Relations, Washington, D.C., January 19 (mimeo).

Klare, Karl. 1987. "Labor Law and Workplace Democracy: Reflections on the Development of Labor Law and Its Implications for Worker Rights and Democratization of the Workplace." Chicago Lawyer (May).

Klare, Karl E. 1998. "Critical Theory and Labor Relations Law." Pp.539-68 in The Politics of Law: A Progressive Critique, third edition, David Kairys (ed.). New York: Basic Books.

Klare, Karl E. 1988. "Workplace Democracy and Market Reconstruction: An Agenda for Legal Reform." Catholic University Law Review 38: 1-68.

Klare, Karl E. 1985. "Traditional Labor Law Scholarship and the Crisis of Collective Bargaining Law: A Reply to Professor Finkin." Maryland Law Review 44(3): 731-840.

Klare, Karl E. 1978. "Judicial Deradicalization of the Wagner Act and the Klare, Karl E. 1978. “Judicial Deradicalization of the Wagner Act and the Origins of Modern Legal Consciousness, 1937-1941." Minnesota Law Review 62: 265-339.

McCammon, H. 1994. Disorganizing and Reorganizing Conflict: Outcomes of the State's Legal Regulation of the Strike Since the Wagner Act." Social Forces 72:1011-1049.

McCammon, H. 1993. "From Repressive Intervention to Integrative Prevention: The U.S. State's Legal Management of Labor Militancy, 1881-1978." Social Forces 71: 569-601.

McCammon H. 1990. "Legal Limits on Labor Militancy: U.S. Labor Law and the Right to Strike Since the New Deal." Social Problems 37:206-29.

McCammon, H. 1993. "Government by Injunction: The U.S. Judiciary and Strike Action in the Late 19th and Early Twentieth Centuries." Work and Occupations 20:174-204.

Moore, William. 1998. “The Determinants of Right-to Work Laws: A Review of the Most Recent Literature.” Journal of Labor Research 19:3 (Summer).

Morland, David A. 1994. "The Changing Situations of U.S. Labor Law: Alternative Legislative Initiatives for Workers and Workplaces." Labor Studies Journal. 19:3 (Fall): 40-

National Labor Relations Board. 1997. "A Guide to Basic Law and Procedures under the National Labor Relations Act." Washington, D.C.: USGPO.

O'Brien, Ruth. 1997. Taking the Conservative State Seriously: Statebuilding and Restrictive Labor Practices in Postwar America." Labor Studies Journal. 21:4(Winter): 33-.

Orren, Karen. 1992. Belated Feudalism: Labor, the Law, and Cultural Development in the United States. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Ratcliff, Richard E. and David Jaffe. 1981. "Capitalists Vs. Unions: an Analysis of Anti-Union Political Mobilization among Business Leaders." Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change 4:95-121.

Reid, Joseph, and Roger Faith. 1987. “Right-to Work and Union Compensation Structure.”  Journal of Labor Research 8:2 (Spring): 111-30.

Salvatore, Nick. 1992. "Law and the Shaping of the American Labor Movement, by William Forbath." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 45:4 (July): 806-.

Wachter, Michael L. 1995. "Labor Law Reform: One Step Forward and Two Steps Back." Industrial Relations 34:3 (July): 382-.

Wallace, Michael. 2007.  “After Taft-Hartley: The Legal-Institutional Context of U.S. Strike Activity, 1948 to 1980.” Sociological Quarterly 48:4 (Fall): 769-99.

Wallace, Michael, Beth A. Rubin, and Brian T. Smith. 1988. "American Labor Law: Its Impact on Working-Class Militancy, 1901-1980." Social Science History 12:1-29.

Wandersee, Winifred. 1993. "I'd Rather Pass a Law than Organize a Union: Francis Perkins and the Reformist Approach to Organized Labor." Labor History 34 (Spring): 21-.

Western, Bruce. 1997. Between Class and Market: Postwar Unionization in the Capitalist Democracies. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Union Effects

Addison, John T. and John B. Chilton. 1993. "Can We Identify Union Productivity Effects?" Industrial Relations 32:1 (Winter): 124.

Ashraf, Javed. 1994. "Union Wage Effects: An Overview of Recent Literature." Labor Studies Journal. 19:2 (Summer): 3-

Becker, Brian E. and Craig A. Olson. 1992. "Unions and Firm Profits." Industrial Relations 31:3 (Fall): 395-.

Belman, Dale L. and Paula B. Voos. 1993. "Wage Effects of Increased Union Coverage: Methodological Considerations and New Evidence." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 46:2 (January): 368-

Blanchflower, David G. and Richard B. Freeman. 1992. "Unionism in the United Statues and Other Advanced OECD Countries." Industrial Relations 31:1 (Winter): 56-79.

Bronars, Stephen G. and Donald R. Deere. "Union Representation Elections and Firm Profitability." Industrial Relations 29:1 (Winter): 15-.

Bronars, Stephen G., Donald R. Deere and Joseph S. Tracy. 1994. "The Effects of Unions on Firm Behavior: An Empirical Analysis Using Firm-Level Data." Industrial Relations 33:4 (October): 426-.

Budd, John W. and McCall, Brian P. 1997. "The Effect of Unions on the Receipt of Unemployment Insurance Benefits." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 50:3 (April): 478-

Cavanaugh, Joseph K. 1998. "Asset-Specific Investment and Unionized Labor." Industrial Relations 37:1 (January): 35-

Cornfield, Daniel B. 1991. "The U.S. Labor Movement: Its Development and Impact on Social Inequality and Politics." Annual Review of Sociology 17:27-49.

Doucouliagos, Christos and Patrice LaRoche. 2003. “What Do Unions Do to Productivity? A Meta-Analysis.” Industrial Relations 42:4 (October): 650-691.

Elvira, Marta M. and Ishak Saporta. 2001. "How Does Collective Bargaining Affect the Gender Pay Gap?" Work and Occupations 28: 469-90.

Farber, Henry S. 2005. “Nonunion Wage Rates and the Threat of Unionization.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 58:3 (April): 335-

Flaherty, Sean and Alan Caniglia. 1992. "The Relative Effects of Unionism on the Earnings Distributions of Women and Men." Industrial Relations 31:2 (Spring): 382-.

Form, William. 1985. "Class Divisions, Unions, and Earnings." Pp. 111-35 (chapter 6) in Divided We Stand: Working Class Stratification in America. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Freeman, Richard B. and James L. Medoff. 1984. What Do Unions Do? New York: Basic Books.

Freeman, Richard B. and Kleiner, Morris M. 1999. "Do Unions Make Enterprises Insolvent?" Industrial & Labor Relations Review 52:4 (July): 510-.

Gordon, Michael E. and Angelo S. DeNisi. 1995. "A Re-examination of the Relationship Between Union Membership and Job Satisfaction." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 48:2 (January):222-.

Grimes, Paul W. and Charles A. Register. 1991. "Teacher Unions and Black Students' Scores on College Entrance Exams." Industrial Relations 30:3 (Fall): 492-.

Haggerty, Mark E. and Duane E. Leigh. 1993. "The Impact of Union Wage Concessions on Union Premiums." Industrial Relations 32:1 (Wintre): 111-.

Hammer, Tove H. and Isik Urla Zeytinoglu. 1993. "Dimensions of Local Union Effectiveness." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 46:2 (January): 302-.

Heiler, Kathryn, Betty Arsovka, and Richard Hall. 1999. "Good and Bad Bargaining for Women: Do Unions Make a Difference?" Labour and Industry 10: 101-.

Hirsch, Barry T. and Barbara A. Morgan. 1994. "Shareholder Risks and Returns in Union and Nonunion Firms."Industrial and Labor Relations Review 47:2 (January): 302-.

Jonathan K. and Vasconcellos, Geraldo M. 1996. "The Economic Effect of Strikes on the Shareholders of Nonstruck Competitors." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 49:2 (January): 213- .

Keefe, Jeffrey H. 1991. "Do Unions Influence the Diffusion of Technology?" Industrial and Labor Relations Review 44:2 (January): 261-.

Koch, Marianne J. and Greg Hundley. 1997. "The Effects of Unionism on Recruitment and Selection Methods." Industrial Relations 36:3 (July): 349-.

Leicht, Kevin T. 1989. "On the Estimation of Union Threat Effects." American Sociological Review 54:1035-47.

Leicht, Kevin, Michael Wallace, and Don Grant. 1993. "Union Presence, Class, and Individual Earnings Inequality." Work and Occupations 20:429-51.

Leonard, Jonathan S. 1992. "Unions and Employment Growth." Industrial Relations 31:1 (Winter): 80-.

Lincoln, James R. and Joan N. Boothe. 1993. "Unions and Work Attitudes in the United States and Japan." Industrial Relations 32:2 (Spring): 159-87.

Long, Richard J. 1993. "The Impact of Unionization on Employment Growth of Canadian Companies." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 46:4 (July): 691-

Markowitz, L. 1999. "After the Organizing Ends: Workers' Self-Efficacy, Activism and Union Frameworks. " Social Problems.

Mishel, Lawrence and Paula B. Voos (eds.). 1992. Unions and Economic Competitiveness. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Mitchell, Merwin W. and Joe A. Stone. 1992. "Union Effects on Productivity: Evidence from Western U.S. Sawmills." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 46:1 (October): 135-

Montgomery, Mark. 1991. "New Evidence on Unions and Layoff Rates."Industrial and Labor Relations Review 44:4 (July); 708-.

Nieswiadomy, Michael, Daniel Slottje and Kathy Hayes.1991. “The Impact of Unionization, Right-to-Work Laws, and Female Labor Force Participation on Earnings Inequality Across States.” Journal of Labor Research 12:2 (Spring)

Neumark, David and Wachter, Michael L. 1995. "Union Effects on Nonunion Wages: Evidence from Panel Data on Industries and Cities."Industrial and Labor Relations Review 49:1 (October): 20- .

Neumark, David. 1993. "Declining Union Strength and Labor Cost Inflation in the 1980s." Industrial Relations 32:2 (Spring) 204-.

Ng, Ignace and Dennis Maki. "Trade Union Influence on Human Resource Management Practices." Industrial Relations 33:1 (January): 121-.

O'Brien, Kevin M. 1994. "The Impact of Union Political Activities on Public-Sector Pay, Employment, and Budgets." Industrial Relations 33:3 (July): 322-.

Odgers, Cameron W. and Betts, Julian R. 1997. Do Unions Reduce Investment? Evidence from Canada. Industrial & Labor Relations Review51:1 (October):18-

Pantuosco, Lou, Darrell Parker, and Gary Stone. 2001. "The Effects of Unions on Labor Markets and Economic Growth: An Analysis of State Data." Journal of Labor Research 22:1 (Winter): 195-205.

Pearce, Thomas G., James E. Groff, and John R. Wingender. 1995. "Union Decertification's Impact on Shareholder Wealth." Industrial Relations 34:1 (January): 58-72.

Pfeffer, Jeffrey and Alison Davis-Blake. 1990. "Union and Job Satisfaction." Work and Occupations 17:259-83.

Rosenfeld, Jake. 2006. “Desperate Measures: Strikes and Wages in Post-Accord America.” Social Forces 85: 235-65.

Rubin, Beth. 1986. "Class Struggle American Style: Unions, Strikes, and Wages." American Sociological Review. 51:618-31.

Stevens, Carl M. 1995." The Social Cost of Rent Seeking by Labor Unions in the United States." Industrial Relations 34:2 (April): 190-.

Tsuru, Tsuyoshi. 1991. "The Reserve Army Effect, Unions, and Nominal Wage Growth." Industrial Relations 30:2 (Spring): 251-.

Wallace, Michael, Kevin T. Leicht, and Lawrence E. Raffalovich. 1999. "Unions, Strikes, and Labor's Share of Income: the Distributional Consequences of Worker Organization and militancy in the United States, 1948-1992." Social Science Research 28: 265-88.

Weil, David. "Enforcing OSHA: The Role of Labor Unions." Industrial Relations 30:1 (Winter): 20-.

Wooden, Mark and Anne Hawke. 2000. "Unions and Employment Growth: Panel Data Evidence." Industrial Relations 39:1 (January): 88-.

Yates, Michael. 1998. Why Unions Matter. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Union Structure and Governance

Democracy and Oligarchy

Benson, Herman. 1999. "A Rising Tide of Union Democracy." Pp. 27-47 in The Transformation of U.S. Unions: Voices, Visions, and Strategies from the Grassroots, Ray M. Tillman and Michael S. Cummings (eds.). Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.

Edelstein, J. David and Malcolm Warner. 1979. Comparative Union Democracy: Organization and Opposition in British and American Unions. New York: Transaction Books.

Fine, Cory R. and Paul Baktari. 2001. "Public Sector Union Democracy: A Comparative Analysis." Journal of Labor Research 22:3 (Spring): 291-404.

Martin, Andrew W. 2007. “Organizational Structure, Authority, and Protest: The Case of Union Organizing in the United States, 1990-2001.”  Social Forces 85:3 (March): 1413-1435.

Stepan-Norris, Judith. 1997. "The Making of Union Democracy" Social Forces 76:2 (December): 475-510.

Stepan-Norris, Judith. 1998. "Strangers to Their Own Class?" Sociological Inquiry 68:3 (summer): 329-353.

Industrial Relations, May 1977 issue

Marcus, P. 1966. "Union Conventions and Executive Boards: A Formal Analysis of Organizational Structure." American Sociological Review 31:1 (February): 61-70.

Nyden, P. 1985. "Democratizing Organizations: a Case Study of a Union Reform Movement." American Journal of Sociology 90:6 (May): 1179-1203.

Stepan-Norris, Judith. 1997. "The Making of Union Democracy." Social Forces 76:475-510.

Strauss, G. 1990. "Union Democracy" Pp. 201-236 in The State of the Unions, G. Strauss, D. Gallagher, and J. Fiorito (eds.). Madison, Wisc.: Industrial Relations Reseach Association.

Tannenbaum, A. 1965. "Unions." Pp. 710-63 in Handbook of Organizations, J. March (ed.). Chicago: Rand McNally.

Union Democarcy Review

Voss, Kim and Rachel Sherman. 2000. "Union Revitalization in the American Labor Movement." American Journal of Sociology 106:2 (September): 303-49.

Levels and Bases: Occupation, Industry and Community; Nationals and Locals

Conell, Carol and Kim Voss. 1990. "Formal Organizationa and the Fate of Social Movements: Craft Association and Class Alliance in the Knights of Labor." American Sociological Review 55:2 (April): 255-269.

Goldberg, Michael J. 1995. "Top Officers of Local Unions." Labor Studies Journal. 19:4 (Winter): 3-

Gordon, Colin. 1999. "The Lost City of Solidarity: Metropolitan Unionism in Historical Perspective." Politics and Society 27:4: 561-85.

Jacoby, Sanford M. and Anil Verma. 1992. "Enterprise Unions in the United States." Industrial Relations 31:1 (Winter): 137-.

Voss, Kim. 1992. "Disposition is Not Action: the Rise and Demise of the Knights of Labor." Studies in American Political Development 6 (Fall): 272-321.

Voss, Kim. 1988. "Labor Organization and Class Alliance: Industries, Communities, and the Knights of Labor." Theory and Society 17:329-364.

Others

Buhle, Paul. 1999. Taking Care of Business: Samuel Gompers, George Meany, and Lane Kirkland. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Estey, M. 1955. "The Strategic Alliance as a Factor in Union Growth." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 9: 41-53.

Masters, Marick F. and Robert S. Atkin. 1997."The Finances of Major U.S. Unions." Industrial Relations 36:4 (October): 489-.

Miller, S.M. 1999. "Labor's Missing Organizational Revolution." Working USA 3:4 (November): 9-

Scheck, Christine L. and George W. Bohlander. 1990. "The Planning Practices of Labor Organizations: A National Study." Labor Studies Journal. 15:4 (Winter):69.

Walsh, David J. 1994. On Different Planes: An Organizational Analysis of Cooperation and Conflict among Airline Unions. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Walsh, D.J. 1993. "The Labor Movement as an Interorganizational Network." Research in the Sociology of Organizations 12: 245-78.

The South

Bussel, Robert. 1999. "Southern Organizing in the Post-Civil Rights Era: The Case of S. Lichtenberg". Industrial & Labor Relations Review 52:4 (July): 528-.

Fink, Leon. 2003. The Maya of Morganton: Work and Community in the Nuevo New South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Griffin, Larry and Robert Korstad. 1995. 'Class as Race and Gender: Making and Breaking a Labor Union in the Jim Crow South." Social Science History.

Irons, Janet. 1996. "The Challenge of National Coordination: Southern Textile Workers and the General Textile Strike of 1934." Pp. 72-101 in "We Are All Leaders: The Alternative Unionism of the Early 1930s, Staughton Lynd (ed.). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Korstad, Robert Rodgers. 2003. Civil Rights Unionism: Tobacco Workers and the Struggle for Democracy in the Mid-Twentieth-Century South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Minchin, Timothy J. 1999. "A Mixed Blessing: The Role of Labor Unions in the Racial Integration of the Southern Textile Industry." Pp. 233-64 (chapter 8) in Hiring the Black Worker: The Racial Integration of the Southern Textile Industry, 1960-1980. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Roscigno, Vincent J. and William F. Danaher. 2000. "Media and Mobilizatin: the Case of Radio and Southern Textile Worker Insurgency, 1929-1934." American Sociological Review 66:1 (February): 21-48.

Roscigno, Vincent and M. Kimble, 1995. "Elite Power, Race, and Persistence of Low Unionization in the South." Work and Occupations 22:271-300.

Roy, Donald. 1964. "Unionization in the South: The Organizational Campaign in the Social and Cultural Context of the South." Labor Law Journal 15: 451-68.

Roy, Donald. 1968. "The Union Organizing Campaign as a Problem of Social Distance: Three Crucial Dimensions of Affiliation--Disaffilitation." Pp. 49-56 in Institutions and the Person: Essays Presented to Everett C. Hughes, H.S. Becker, B. Geer, D. Reisman, and R. Weiss (eds.). Chicago: Aldine.

Roy, Donald. 1970. "The Study of Southern Labor Union Organizing Campaigns." Pp. 216-44 in Pathways to Data, Robert Habenstein (ed.). Chicago: Aldine.

Roy, Donald. 1980. "Fear Stuff, Sweet Stuff and Evil Stuff: Management's Defenses Against Unionization in the South." Pp. 395-415 in Capital and Labour: Studies in the Capitalist Labour Process, Theo Nichols (ed.). Glasgow: Fontana.

Diversity: Race, Ethnicity, Immigration, Gender, and Sexual Orientation

Cheng, Tracy F.H. 2003. "A Structural Model of Race, Gender, Class, and Attitudes toward Labor Unions." The Social Science Journal 40: 189-200.

Cook, A. 1990. "Women and Minorities." Pp. 237-57 in The State of the Unions, G. Strauss, D. Gallagher, and J. Fiorito (eds.). Madison, Wisc.: Industrial Relations Research Association.

Cornfield Daniel B. 1993. "Integrating U.S. Labor Leadership: Union Democracy and the Ascent of Ethnic and Racial Minorities and Women into National Union Offices." Research in the Sociology of Organizations 12: 51-74.

Gitlin, Todd. 1997. "Organizing Across Boundaries." Dissent 44:4 (Fall): 38-40.

Griffin, Larry and Robert Korstad. 1995. 'Class as Race and Gender: Making and Breaking a Labor Union in the Jim Crow South." Social Science History 19:425-54.

Hunt, Gerald and David Rayside. 2000. "Labor Union Response to Diversity in Canada and the United States." Industrial Relations 39:3 (July): 401-.

Kelley, Robin D.G. 1997. "Identity Politics and Class Struggle." New Politics 6 (Winter): 84-96.

Williams, R. and P. Smith. 1990. "What Else Do Unions Do? Race and Gender in Local 35." The Review of Black Political Economy 18 (Winter): 59-77.

Race

Bruegemann, John and Terry Boswell. 1998. "Realizing Solidarity: Sources of Interracial Unionism During the Great Depression." Work and Occupations 25:4 (November): 436-82.

DeFreitas, Gregory. 1993. "Unionization Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 46:2 (January): 284-.

Fink, Deborah. 1998. Cutting into the Meatpacking Line: Workers and Change in the Rural Midwest. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.

Foner, P.S. 1974. Organized Labor and the Black Worker. New York: Praeger.

Geshwender, J.A. Class, Race, and Worker Insurgency: The League of Revolutionary Black Workers. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Goldberg, M. 1983. "Affirmative Action in Union Government: The Landrum-Griffin Act Implications." Ohio State Law Journal 44(3): 649-689.

Goldfield, M. 1993. "Race and the CIO: The Possibilities for Racial Egalitarianism During the 1930s and 1940s". Industrial Labor and Working-class History 44 (Fall): 1-32.

Goldfield, M. 1997. The Color of Politics. New York: New Press.

Gould, W. 1977. Black Workers in White Unions: Job Discrimination in the United States. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Greer, S. 1959. Last Man In: Racial Access to Union Power. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press.

Heywood, John S. 1992. "Race Discrimination and Union Voice." Industrial Relations 31:3 (Fall): 500-.

Hill, Herbert. 1982. "The AFL-CIO and the Black Worker: Twenty-five Years After the Merger." Journal of Intergroup Relations 10:5-78.

Hill, H. 1996. "The Problem of Race in American Labor History." Reviews in American History 24(2): 189-208.

Horowitz, Roger. 1997. Negro and White, Unite and Fight: A Social History of Industrial Unionism in Meatpacking, 1930-90. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Korstad, Robert Rodgers. 2003. Civil Rights Unionism: Tobacco Workers and the Struggle for Democracy in the Mid-Twentieth-Century South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Korstad, R. and N. Lichtenstein. 1988. "Opportunities Found and Lost: Labor, Radicals, and the Early Civil Rights Movement." Journal of American History 75(3): 786-811.

Naison, Mark D. 1996. "The Southern Tenant Farmers' Union and the CIO." Pp. 102-116 in "We Are All Leaders: The Alternative Unionism of the Early 1930s, Staughton Lynd (ed.). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Roediger, David R. 1999. The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class (revised edition). London: Verso.

Schutt, R. 1987. "Craft Unions and Minorities: Determinants of Change in Admissions Practices." Social Problems 34 (October): 388-402.

Gender and Families

Baron, Ava (ed.). 1991. Work Engendered: Toward a New History of American Labor. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Briskin, Linda and Patricia McDermott (eds.). 1993. Women Challenging Unions: Feminism, Democracy, and Militancy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Bronfenbrenner, Kate. 2005. “Organizing Women.” Work and Occupations 32: 441-63.

Cobble, Dorothy S. 1990. "Rethinking Troubled Relations Between Women and Unions: Craft Unionism and Female Activism. " Feminist Studies 16:519-44.

Coble, Dorothy Sue (ed.). 1993. Women and Unions: Forging a Partnership. Ithaca, NY: ILR (see especially Part VI: Female Leadership and Union Cultures: Feminizing the Labor Movement?)

Cobble, Dorothy Sue (ed.). 2007.  The Sex of Class: Women Transforming American Labor.  Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR Press.

Cook, A., V. Lorwin, and A. Daniels (eds.). 1984. Women and Trade Unions in Eleven Industrialized Countries. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Cook, Alice, val Lorwin, and Arlene Kaplan Daniels. 1992. The Most Difficult Revolution: Women and Trade Unions. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Crain, Marion. 1994. "Gender and Union Organizing."Industrial and Labor Relations Review. 47:2 (January):227-48.

Crain, Marion. 2002. “Critical Race Studies: Colorblind Unionism.” UCLA Law Review 49: 1313-41.

Elvira, Marta M. and Ishak Saporta. 2001. "How Does Collective Bargaining Affect the Gender Pay Gap?" Work and Occupations 28: 469-90.

Faue, Elizabeth. 1991. "Paths of Unionization: Community, Bureaucracy, and Gender in the Minneapolis Labor Movement of the 1930s." Pp. 296-319 in Work Engendered: Toward a New History of American Labor, Ava Baron (ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Feldberg, R.L. 1987. "Women and Trade Unions: Are We Asking the Right Questions?" Pp. 299-322 in Hidden Aspects of Women's Work, C. Bose (ed). New York: Praeger.

Gabin, N.F. 1990. Feminism in the Labor Movement. Ithaca, N.Y. Cornell University Press.

Gabin, Nancy. 1991. "Time Out of mind: The UAW's Response to Female Labor Laws and Mandatory Overtime in the 1960s." Pp. 351-74 in Work Engendered: Toward a New History of American Labor, Ava Baron (ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Gerstel, Naomi and Dan Clawson. 2001.  "Unions' Response to Family Concerns." Social Problems 48: 277-298.

Heiler, Kathryn, Betty Arsovka, and Richard Hall. 1999. "Good and Bad Bargaining for Women: Do Unions Make a Difference?" Labour and Industry 10: 101-.

Milkman, Ruth. 1980. "Organizing the Sexual Devision of Labor: Historical Perspectives on 'Women's Work' and the American Labor Movement." Socialist Review 10:1 (January-February): 95-150.

Milkman, R. 1985. "Women Workers, Feminism and the Labor Movement since the 1960s." pp. 300-22 in Women, Work and Protest, R. Milkman (ed.). Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Milkman, R. 1990. "Gender and Trade Unionism in Historical Perspective." Pp. 87-107 in Women, Politics, and Change, edited by L. Tilly and P. Gurin, New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Milkman, Ruth. 2007. “Two Worlds of Unionism: Women and the New Labor Movement.” Pp. 63-80 in The Sex of Class: Women Transforming American Labor, edited by Dorothy Sue Cobble. Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR Press.

Schur, Lisa A. and Douglas L. Kruse. 1992. "Gender Differences in Attitudes Toward Unions." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 46:1 (October): 89-

Spalter-Roth, Roberta, Heidi Hartmann, and Nancy Collins. 1994. "What Do Unions do for Women?" Pp. 193-208 (chapter 13) in Restoring the Promise of American Labor Law, Sheldon Friedman et al. (eds.). Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.

Strom, Sharon Hartman. 1983. "Challenging 'Woman's Place': Feminism, the Left and Industrial Unionism in the 1930s." Feminist Studies 9:2 (Summer): 359-86.

Sexual Orientation

Hunt, Gerald (ed.). 1999. Laboring for Rights: Unions and Sexual Diversity Across Nations. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Immigrants

Briggs, Vernon M., Jr. 2001. Immigration and American UnionismIthaca, NY: ILR Press (Cornell University Press).

Delgado, Hector L. 1993. New Immigrants, Old Unions: Organizing Undocumented Workers in Los Angeles. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Delgado, Hector L. 1992. "IRCA and the Unionization of Mexican and Central American Undocumented Workers in Los Angeles County." Policy Studies Review 11:2 (Summer):131-42.

Fink, Leon. 2003. The Maya of Morganton: Work and Community in the Nuevo New South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Funkhouser, Edward. 1993. " Do Immigrants Have Lower Unionization Propsensities than Natives?" Industrial Relations 32:2 (Spring): 248-61.

Gutman, Herbert G. 1976. "Work, Culture, and Society in Industrializing America, 1815-1919." Pp. 5-78 (chapter 1) in Work, Culture, and Society in Industrializing America. New York: Vintage.

Milkman, Ruth (ed.). 2000. Organizing Immigrants: The Challenge for Unions in Contemporary California. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.

Critiques (from left and right)

Aronowitz, Stanley. 1973. "Trade Unionism: Illusion and Reality." pp. 214-63 (chapter 4) in False Promises: The Shaping of American Working Class Consciousness. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Block, Allen A. and William J. Chambliss. 1979. "Miners, Tailors, and Teamsters: Business Racketeering and Trade Unionism." Crime and Social Justice 11 (Spring/Summer): 14-27.

Friedman, Milton and Rose. 1979. "Who Protects the Worker?" Pp. 218-36 (chapter 8) in Free to Choose: A Personal Statement. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.

Garson, Barbara. 1994 [1972]. "Lip Gloss" and "Unions." Pp. 61-86 in All the Livelong Day: The Meaning and Demeaning of Routine Work (revised and updated). New York: Penguin.

Hutchinson, John. 1970. The Imperfect Union: a History of Corruption in American Trade Unions. New York: Dutton.

Kaus, Robert M. 1983. "The Trouble with Unions." Harpers (June): 23-35.

Petro, Sylvester. 1979 [1959]. Power Unlimited: The Corruption of Union Leadership: A Report on the McClellan Committee Hearings. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood.

Pfeffer, Richard M. 1979. "Workers and the Union." Pp. 113-229 (Part II) in Working for Capitali$m. New York: Columbia University Press.

Troy, Leo. 1999. Beyond Unions and Collective Bargaining. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Troy, Leo. 2000. "Beyond Unions and Collective Bargaining." Working USA 3:5 (January): 102-34.

Organizing (including strategies, management resistance, strikes)

Benz, D.E. 2005. “It Takes a Village to Win a Union: A Case Study of Organizing among Florida’s Nursing Home Workers.” Politics and Society 33: 123-52.

Bronfenbrenner, Kate. 1997. "The Role of Union Strategies in NLRB Certification Elections." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 50:2 (January): 195-

Bronfenbrenner, Kate. 2005. “Organizing Women.” Work and Occupations 32: 441-63.

 

Bronfenbrenner, Kate, Sheldon Friedman, Richard W. Hurd, Rudolph A. Oswald, and Ronald L. Seeber. 1998. Organizing to Win: New Research on Union Strategies. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.

Cobble, Dorothy Sue. 1997. "Lost Ways of Organizing: Reviving the AFL's Direct Affiliate Strategy." Industrial Relations 36:3 (July): 278-.

Dixon, Marc and Andrew Martin. 2007. “Can the Labor Movement Succeed without the Strike?”  Contexts 6:2 (Spring): 36-38.

Dixon, Marc and Vincent J. Roscigno. 2003. "Status, Networks, and Social Movement Participation: The Case of Striking Workers." American Journal of Sociology 108:6 (May): 1292-1327.

Erickson, Christopher L. and Mitchell, Daniel J.B. 1996. "Information on Strikes and Union Settlements: Patterns of Coverage in a 'Newspaper of Record'." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 49:3 (April): 395-

Fiorito, Jack, Jarley, Paul, and Delaney, John Thomas. 1995. "National Union Effectiveness in Organizing: Measures and Influences." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 48:4 (July): 613- 35.

Fletcher, Bill, Jr. and Richard W. Hurd. 1999. "Political Will, Local Union Transformation, and the Organizing Imperative." Pp. 191-216 in In Direction for Organized Labor? edited by Bruce Nissen. Detroit:Wayne Sate University Press.

Green James and Chris Tilly. 1987. "Service Unionism: Directions for Organizing." Labor Law Review 38 (August): 486-95.

Godard, John. 1992. "Strikes as Collective Voice: A Behavioral Analysis of Strike Activity." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 46:1 (October): 161-.

Grant, Don Sherman II and Michael Wallace. 1991. Why Do Strikes Turn Violent?" American Journal of Sociology 96:117-50..

Haberfeld, Yitchak. 1995. "Why Do Workers Join Unions? The Case of Israel." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 48:4 (July):656- .

Levitt, Martin Jay (with Tery Conrow). 1993. Confessions of a Union Buster. New York: Crown.

Luebke, Sam and Jennifer Luff. 2003. “Organizing: A Secret History.” Labor History 44: 421-32.

McAlevey, Jane. 2003. "It Takes a Community: Building Unions From the Outside In."  New Labor Forum 12:1 (Spring): 23-32.

Ortega, Bob. 1999. "Organizing Wal-Mart: An Anti-Union Company Bests Labor." Working USA 2:5 (January): 40-53.

Peterson, Richard B. Thomas W. Lee, and Barbara Finnegan. 1992. "Strategies and Tactics in Union Organizing Campaigns." Industrial Relations 31:2 (Spring): 370-81.

Ratcliff, Richard E. and David Jaffe. 1981. "Capitalists Vs. Unions: an Analysis of Anti-Union Political Mobilization among Business Leaders." Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change 4:95-121.

Reed, Thomas F. 1993. "Securing a Union Contract: Impact of the Union Organizer." Industrial Relations 32:2 (Spring): 188-.

Rosenfeld, Jake. 2006. “Desperate Measures: Strikes and Wages in Post-Accord America.” Social Forces 85: 235-66.

Sanyal, Rajib N. 1990. "The Withering Away of the Strike: The Ross-Hartman Analysis Thirty Years Since." Labor Studies Journal. 15:4 (Winter): 47- 

Simms, Melanie. 2007. “Managed Activisim: Two Union Organising Campaigns in the Not-for-Profit Sector.” Industrial Relations Journal 38 (2): 119-135.

Schnell, John F. and Cynthia L. Gramm. 1994. "The Empirical Relations Between Employers' Striker Replacement Strategies and Strike Duration."Industrial and Labor Relations Review 47:2 (January): 189-.

Technology

Cornfield, Daniel. 1997. "Labor Union Responses to Technological Change: Past, Present, and Future." Perspectives on Work 1:35-38.

Ewing, Linda, Friedman, Sheldon, and Yudken, Joel. 1998. "Unions and Technology: Manufacturing Better Jobs." Working USA 2:2 (July): 19-

Koeller, C. Timothy. 2001. "The Influence of Technolgical Opportunity on Union Membership in U.S. Manufacturing Industries." Journal of Labor Research 22:1 (Winter): 173-83.

Richardson, Charley. 1994. "The Role of Technology in Undermining Union Strength." Pp. 223-240 (chapter 15) in Restoring the Promise of American Labor Law, Sheldon Friedman et al. (eds.). Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.

Thomas, Robert J. 1991. "Technological Choice and Union-Management Cooperation." Industrial Relations 30:2 (Spring): 167-.

Kelly, Maryellen R. and Bennett harison. 1992. "Unions, Technology, and Labor-Management Cooperation." Pp. 247-86 in Unions and Economic Competitiveness, Larence Mishel and Paula B. Voos (eds.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Globalization

Borgers, Frank. 1996. "The Challenges of Economic Globalism for U.S. Labor." Critical Sociology 22(2):67-88.

Boswell, Terry and Dimitris Stevis. 1997. "Globalization and International Labor Organizing: A World-Systems Perspective." Work and Occupations 24:3 (August): 288-308.

Cowie, Jefferson. 1997. "National Struggles in a Transnational Economy: A Critical Analysis of US Labor's Campaign Against NAFTA." Labor Studies Journal. 21:4 (Winter): 3-

Drake, Paul W. 1996. Labor Movements and Dictatorships: The Southern Cone in Comparative Perspective. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Dreiling, Michael and Ian Robinson. 1998. "Union Respones to NAFTA in the U.S. and Canada: Explaining Intra- and International Variation." Mobilization 3(2):163-84.

Evans, Peter. 2005. “Counterhegemonic Globalization: Transnational Social Movements in the Contemporary Global Political Economy.” Pp. 655-670 in The Handbook of Political Sociology, edited by Thomas Janoski, Robert Alford, Alexander Hicks, and Mildred A. Schwartz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Karier, Thomas. 1995. "U.S. Foreign Production and Unions." Industrial Relations 34:1 (January): 107-18.

Karier, Thomas. 1991. "Unions and the U.S. Comparative Advantage." Industrial Relations 30:1 (Winter): 1-.

Lerner, Stephen. 2007. “Global Corporations, Global Unions.” Contexts 6:3 (Summer): 16-22.

Reed, Thomas F. and karen Brandow. 1996. The Sky Never Changes: Testimories from the Guatemalan Labor Movement. Ithaca, NY: ILR.

Scipes, Kim. 2000. "It's Time to Come Clean: Open the AFL-CIO Archives on International Labor Operations." Labor Studies Journal 24 (Summer): 4-25. (see also comments that follow in same issue by Ancel, Judy ("Response I: On Building an International Solidarity Movement", pp. 26-35) and Lanfranco, Sam (Response II: Review of 'It's Time to Come Clean: Open the AFL-CIO Archives on International Labor Operations'", pp.36-39).

Sims, Beth. 1992. Workers of the World Undermined: American labor's Role in U.S. Foreign Policy. Boston: South End Press.

Tilly, C. 1995. "Globalization Threatens Labor's Rights." International Labor and Working-Class History 47:1-23.

New Production Organization (including lean production, teams, worker participation)

Bluestone, Barry and Irving Bluestone. 1993. "Reviving American Industry: A Labor Management Partnership." Current 352 (May): 10-16.

Clark, Paul F., Darlene A. Clark, David Day, David V, and Dennis G. Shea. 2001. "Healthcare Reform and the Workplace Experience of Nurses: Implications for Patient Care and Union Organizing." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 55: 133-148.

Grenier, G. 1987. Inhuman Relations: Quality Circles and Anti-Unionism in American Industry. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Juravich, Tom. 1998. "Employee Involvement, Work Reorganization, and the New Labor Movement; Toward a Radical Integration." New Labor Forum 2:84-91.

Juravich, Tom. 1996. "Empirical Research on Employee Involvement: A Critical Review for Labor." Labor Studies Journal. 21:2 (Summer): 51-

Knauss, Keith and Michael Matuszak. 1994. "An Antiunion Corporate Culture and Quality Improvement Programs." Labor Studies Journal. 19:3 (Fall): 21-

Rathke, Wade and Joel Rogers. 1996. "A Strategy for Labor." Dissent (Fall): 78-84.

Rogers, Joel. 1995. "A Strategy for Labor." Industrial Relations 34:3 (July): 367-81.

Rogers, Joel and Charles F. Sabel. 1994. "State of the Unions (and Why You Should Care)." Inc. (January) 23-24.

Yanarella, Ernest J. 1994. The UWA and CAW Confront Lean Production at Saturn, CAMI, and the Japanese Automobile Transplants." Labor Studies Journal. 18:4 (Winter):52-

Long Term Trends and Patterns

Cornfield, Daniel B. 1986. "Declining Union Membership in the Post-World War II Era: The United Furniture Workers of America, 1939-1982." American Journal of Sociology 91:5 (March: 1112-53.

Cornwell, Benjamin and Jill Ann Harrison. 2004. “Union Members and Voluntary Associations: Membership Overlap as a Case of Latent Embeddedness.” American Sociological Review 69 (December): 862-81.

Dubovsky, Melvyn. 1995. "Labor Unrest in the United States, 1906-90." Review 18:1 (Winter): 125-35.

Farber, Henry S. and Bruce Western. 2002. “Accounting for the Decline of Unions in the Private Sector, 1973-1998.” Pp. 28-58 in The Future of Private Sector Unionism in the United States, James T. Bennett and Bruce E. Kaufman (eds.).  Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

 

Freeman, J., G. Carroll, and M. Hannon. 1983. “The Liability of Newness and Age Dependence in Organizational Death Rates.” American Sociological Review 48:5 (October): 692-710.

Goldfield, Michael. 1987. The Decline of Organized Labor in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Hannan, Michael T. and John Freeman. 1987. "The Ecology of Organizational Founding: American Labor Unions, 1836-1985." American Journal of Sociology 92:910-43.

Hannan, Michael T. and John Freeman. 1988. "The Ecology of Organizational Mortality: American Labor Unions, 1836-1985." American Journal of Sociology 94:25-52.

Kearney, Richard C. 2003. “Patterns of Union Decline and Growth: An Organizational Ecology Perspective.” Journal of Labor Research 24:4 (Fall): 561-78.

McDonald, Charles. 1992. "U.S. Union Membership in Future Decades: A Trade Unionist's Perspective." Industrial Relations 31:1 (Winter): 13-.

Moody, Kim. 1988. An Injury to All: the Decline of American Unionism.  New York: Verso.

Reid Jr., Joseph D. 1992. "Future Unions." Industrial Relations 31:1 (Winter): 122-.

Rose, Joseph B. and Gary N. Chaison. 1996. "Linking Union Density and Union Effectiveness: The North American Experience." Industrial Relations 35:1 (January): 78-.

Silver, B. 1995. "World-Scale Patterns of Labor-Capital Conflict: Labor Unrest, Long Waves, and Cycles of World Hegemony." Review 18:155-94.

Troy, Leo 1990. "Is the U.S. Unique in the Decline of Private Sector Unionism?" Journal of Labor Research 11: 111-43.

Western, Bruce. 1995. “A Comparative Study of Working-Class Disorganization: Union Decline in Eighteen Advanced Capitalist Countries.” American Sociological Review 60: 179-201.

Public Sector Unionization

Belman, Dale, Heywood, John S., and Lund, John. 1997. "Public Sector Earnings and the Extent of Unionization." Industrial & Labor Relations Review 50:4 (July): 610-

Hindman, Hugh D. and David B. Patton. 1994. "Unionism in State and Local Governments: Ohio and Illinois, 1982-87." Industrial Relations 33:1 (January): 106-.

Johnston, P. 1994. Success While Others Fail: Social Movement Unionism and the Public Workplace. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.

Trejo, Stephen J. 1991. "Public Sector Unions and Municipal Employment." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 45:1 (October): 166-.

Contingent Workers

Carre, F.J., V. DuRivage, and C. Tilly. 1994. "Representing the Part-Time and Contingent Workforce: Challenges for Unions and Public Policy. " Pp. 314-23 in Restoring the Promise of American Labor Law, S. Friedman et al., eds. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.

Wial, Howard. 1994. "New Bargaining Structures for New Forms of Business Organization." Pp. 303-313 (chapter 21) in Restoring the Promise of American Labor Law, Sheldon Friedman et al. (eds.). Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.

Service Sector Unionization

Clark, Paul F. and Darlene A. Clark. 2006. “Union Strategies for Improving Patient Care: The Key to Nurse Unionism.” Labor Studies Journal 31:1 (Spring): 51-70.

Cobble, Dorothy Sue. 1991. "Organizing the Postindustrial Work Force: Lessons from the History of Waitress Unionism." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 44:3 (April): 419-.

Coble, Dorothy Sue. 1994. "Making Post-Industrial Unionism Possible." Pp. 285-302 in Restoring the Promise of American Labor Law, Sheldon Friedman et al. (eds.). Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.

Coble, Dorothy Sue. 1996. "The Prospects for Unionism in a Service Economy." Pp. 137-48 in Working in the Service Economy, Cameron Macdonald and Carmen Siriani (eds.). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Coble, Dorothy Sue. 1991. "Organizing the Post-Industrial Workforce: Lessons from the History of Waitress Unionism." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 44:3:419-28.

Wial, Howard. 1993. "The Emerging Organizational Structure of Unionism in Low-Wage Services." Rutgers Law Review 45 (Spring): 671-738)

Intellectuals and the Labor Movement

Fraser, Steven and Joshua B. Freeman (eds.). 1997. Audacious Democracy: Labor, Intellectuals, and the Social Reconstruction of America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Green, James. 2000. "Historians as Allies of the Labor Movement." The Chronicle of Higher Education (July 28): B4-B5.

Hallgrimsdottir, Helga Kristin and Cecilia Benoit. 2007. “From Wage Slaves to Wage Workers:  Cultural Opportunity Structures and the Evolution of the Wage Demands of Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor, 1880-1900.” Social Forces 85:3 (March): 1393-1411.

Lichtenstein, Melson. 1999. "Falling in Love Again? Intellecturals and the Labor Movement in Post-War America." New Labor Forum (Spring/Summer):18-31.

Ideology and Militance

Stepan-Norris, Judith and Maurice Zeitlin. 1991. "'Red' Unions and 'Bourgeois' Contracts." American Journal of Sociology 96:5 (March): 1151-1200.

Kimeldorf, Howard. 1985. "Working Class Culture, Occupational Recruitment, and Union Politics." Social Forces 64:2 (December): 359-76.

Kimeldorf, Howard. 1988. Reds or Rackets? The Making of Radical and Conservative Unions on the Waterfront. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Kimeldorf, Howard. 1999. Battling for American Labor: Wobblies, Craft Workers, and the Making of the Union Movement. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Servicing Members (includes grievances, arbitration, collective bargaining)

Bemmels, Brian. 1995. "Shop Stewards' Satisfaction with Grievance Procedures." Industrial Relations 34:4 (October): 578-.

Bloch, Richard I. 1970. "Race Discrimination in Industry and the Grievance Processes." Howard Law Journal 16:1 (Fall): 42-66.

Duane, Michael J. 1993. The Grievance Process in Labor-Management Cooperation. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books.

Lipsky, David B. and Clifford B. Donn. 1987. Collective Bargaining in American Industry: Contemporary Perspectives and Future Directions. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.

Miller, Paul and Charles Mulvey. 1994. "Does Compulsory Arbitration Neutralize Union Power?." Industrial Relations 33:4 (October): 492-.

Stern, James L. and Joyce M. Najita (eds.). 1997. Labor Arbitration Under Fire. Ithaca, NY: ILR/Cornell University Press.

Voos, Paula B. (ed.). 1994. Contemporary Collective Bargaining in the Private Sector. Madison, Wisc.: Industrial Relations Research Association.

Zack, Arnold M. (ed.). 1984. Arbitration in Practice. Ithaca, NY:ILR Press.

Miscellaneous

Arthur, Jeffrey B. 1992. "The Link Between Business Strategy and Industrial Relations Systems in American Steel Minimills." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 45:3 (April): 488-.

Clark, Andrew and Andrew Oswald. 1993. "Trade Union Utility Functions: A Survey of Union Leaders' Views." Industrial Relations Fall v 32 n 3 391.

Flood, Patrick, Thomas Turner, and Paul Willman. 2000. "A Segmented Model of Union Participation." Industrial Relations 39:1 (January): 108-.

Isaac, Larry, Steve McDonald, and Greg Lukasik. 2006. “Takin’ It from the Streets: How the Sixties Mass Movement Revitalized Unionization.” American Journal of Sociology 112: 46-96.

Leighley, Jan E. and Jonathan Nagler. 2007. “Unions, Voter Turnout, and Class Bias in the U.S. Electorate, 1964-2004.” The Journal of Politics 69:2 (May): 430-441.

Rabban, David M. 1991. "Is Unionization Compatible with Professionalism?" Industrial and Labor Relations Review 45:1 (October): 97-.

Van Dyke, Nella, Marc Dixon, and Helen Carlon. 2007. “Manufacturing Dissent: Labor Revitalization, Union Summer and Student Protest.” Social Forces 86:1 (September): 193-214.

Voss, Kim. 1998. “Claim Making and the Framing of Defeats: The Interpretation of Losses by American and British Labor Activists, 1886-1895.” Pp. 136-148 in Challenging Authority: The Historical Study of Contentious Politics (Social Movements, Protest, and Contention, volume 7), Michael P. Hanagan, Leslie Page Moch, and Wayne te Brake (eds.). University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis.

Whitfield, Keith and George Strauss (eds.). 1998. Research the World of Work: Strategies and Methods in Studying Industrial Relations. Ithaca, NY: ILR/Cornell University Press.